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While a body paragraph is the major and critical section of an essay, it is yet more convenient to write than introductions and conclusions. Students sometimes may take hours either just to begin their papers or to structure their conclusions. How to write an introduction and how to write a conclusion, if excelled both, they can decide the level of influence of the central message on the readers’ experience.

On one hand, the introduction helps the readers transport from their point of view to the writer’s perspective. On the other hand, through conclusions, readers are able to relate the writer’s analysis to their own lives. It means that conclusions will make them understand why the research and analysis are important and how the information will be of any use to them. Crafting such a conclusion is what you will learn in this article of EduHelpHub.

About Conclusion Paragraphs and Their Purpose

Being the last part of communicating ideas, a conclusion allows you to tie your thoughts together and interpret them with confidence, with the intention to change the viewpoint of the readers on the problem topic. The writing process cannot be stated as a very complex task but making a good and lasting impression takes quite a planning.

A conclusion is meant to be impactful to keep the readers engaged long enough. It is the last thing they will read to perceive your entire work. The idea of how to write a conclusion includes reiterating the thesis, wrapping up the key arguments and supporting ideas, and giving a final evaluation of the discerned insights.

For students thinking about how to write a conclusion, it takes an emotional note if writing personal statements, whereas, it is argumentative if the essays are based on critical analysis. Conclusions can also include a call to action in rare circumstances. In some scenarios, the writer may seek more than just educating the audience, perhaps signing up for newsletters, asking them to make a purchase, or asking for some authoritative action on the issue.

How to Write a Conclusion: Effective Strategies

Now that you know why to write a conclusion, the next and most crucial thing you will learn is how to write a conclusion. Simultaneous to giving a sense of closure, it also opens up new possibilities to address. Yet if you are wondering how to bind all the ideas to make a strong conclusion, implementing the below strategies can simplify the larger approach.

• The “So what?” Strategy

Prior to understanding how to write a conclusion, first read the rest of the introduction and body content with a friend. Suppose you are saying from the essay that education is very influential for women. Your friend might ask in that context, “So what?”. Your answer may be that through education women get numerous opportunities to get empowered and also enable them to take independent decisions. The next question of your friend might be, “Why is this idea of any significance?”. Your probable response would be,

“Due to the ongoing gender disparities, women often face barriers in accessing employment, leadership positions, and decision-making roles. But if they are educated, they will gain long-term economic security and become more competitive and productive, which in turn will let them opt for higher-paying positions and entrepreneurial ventures, as well as contribute to the betterment of society and economy as a whole.”

You can deduce here that asking a “So what?” question had created a ripple effect in transforming your crude arguments to making a relatable approach. Understanding clearly this approach will provide a direction on how to write a conclusion and may also help generate new ideas for further scope to study.

• Return to the Problem Topic

Rewriting the thematic statement in a different frame of words than in the introduction paragraph is how you must start the conclusion with. This should be followed by readdressing the main introductory points and concepts as a reference to what you are about to culminate. Ensure to rephrase the language overall.

• Synthesize the Main Points

The next step on how to write a conclusion paragraph is to summarize and link up the key evidence and research of the body content. Academic essays and research papers are extensive where about 10-15% of the paper is covered by the introduction and conclusion each and the rest is consumed by the body content. Because the conclusion takes up the smallest space, it is not possible to reword all the points of arguments. This is why the strategy here is to emphasize only the ones that are the most important, relevant, and useful of all.

• Address the Gap in the Research

A question might arise in the minds of students “How to write a conclusion paragraph for scientific papers and is it any different from other academic papers?”. The answer is just one point apart, which is that you must include the mention of research gaps, if any, along with other information. Scientific papers or papers that are based on calculations and other survey instruments may miss some variables. The missing data must be acknowledged right after wrapping up the previously discussed points.

At the time of discussing the limitations, describe each of them in concise detail, explain what caused these limitations, mention how to fill the research gap, and finally, determine the level of the impact made by the limitations on the current study. These elements of how to write a conclusion will open up extended research possibilities which will help other scholars to explore your research subject from a different angle.

• Focus on Newly Extracted Perspective

While recapitulating, you might gain some new and interesting insights that you may want to share with your professors or instructors. You can do this by pushing your ideas a step past your thesis. But when you are engrossed in how to write a conclusion, keep in mind that the new insight should be deciphered from the existing provided information and should not be anything out of the discussed context.

This comprehension may strike more concluding questions. You must specify these questions clearly. When writing on persuasive speech topics the sole motive is to convince the evaluators of your take. Therefore, leaving these questions open-ended will persuade and motivate them to stay interested in your paper for a bit longer.

• End with a Strong Kicker

Adding a strong kicker statement is the final task on how to write a conclusion paragraph. It basically means the ending sentence which can be a clincher, like an impactful quote, fact, or a call to action. You can also provide some solution to the issue or compare and contrast an already existing study similar to your topic. Another option is to end the paragraph with a warning or advice. By this statement, you will get an idea of how you want your readers to react at the end.

How to write a conclusion doesn’t just end with the writing part. You must validate all the concluding points by proofreading. Ignoring this stage is found to be very common among students. Due to lack of time, they may leave out the revision process which keeps the grammatical or contextual errors overlooked. This act further affects their grades.

How to Write a Conclusion: The Do’s and Don’ts

Apart from the main components mentioned above, there are a few more points to consider while answering how to write a conclusion. To provide a conclusion larger meaning it needs to convey the thoughts and ideas in a more transparent way. Following are the do’s and don’ts to making a lucid approach:

• Do read the introduction and body sections again before writing the conclusion to identify the main claims.
• Do write the conclusion paragraphs using the past tense, like “this paper analyzed” or “the purpose of this research was”.
• When providing a new insight, do start with a new angle to express your topic if you had time and more word count. Or you can mention a different topic where it is possible to apply the same thesis.
• Do add open questions for the audience to ponder on, but don’t add new evidence. Any new idea introduced at the end might confuse the readers. Instead, insert it in a new paragraph in the body content.
• Do write with confidence and keep the tone consistent throughout the paper.
• Do summarize the context, don’t discuss it further. However, make sure that summary is not the sole content of how to write a conclusion, it is just a part of it.
• Don’t begin the conclusion with redundant phrases, like “In conclusion”, “In summary”, or “To sum up”.
• Do understand the context and length of the expository essay or other types of analytical and personal essays and write the conclusion accordingly. Like, in short papers reiterating the arguments is not required, while in a larger paper, you get more space to synthesize multiple points.
• One of the do’s of how to write a conclusion is to be unbiased and logical in your reasoning. Don’t make an appeal that’s sentimental.
• Do be professional and suggestive and share your opinions for possible improvement.
• Do conclude the paper on a positive note.

In addition to these tips, if you have a question about how to write a conclusion that is more personalized, then let us tell you that you may use self-illustrating words, like “I” or “me”. Using first-person pronouns in conclusions provides a clarification that the opinions presented are your own and helps to make an emotional connection with the readers without being partial.

Assisting Phrases to Begin a Conclusion

So, how to write a conclusion without using monotonous concluding phrases? Don’t forget that your paper needs to elevate the experience of your professors, so be distinct with your choice of words. Here are a few assisting phrases to give you a boost:

• Studying the results from all three campaigns shows…
• In light of the evidence presented, it can be concluded that…
• The study has demonstrated that the provided solution will be productive only if…
• The findings together underscore the importance of…
• Overall, the investigation emphasizes the potential applications of…
• Based on the evidence presented, we can deduce that…
• This study has successfully addressed the research objectives by…

You can insert these phrases by matching the context of your paper. But there is no end to possibilities of how you want to frame the words. You can keep your professors attentive in many ways, just keep it relevant to the thesis and arguments. The rest will be done by sticking to the strategic steps of how to write a conclusion.

Example of a Good Conclusion

A sense of closure is what is expected from a good essay conclusion whether writing an academic paper or narrative. There should be a feeling of a natural ending by not leaving any loose ends. Here is an example that could act as a good reference if you are to write on a marketing topic:

This study has proposed valuable insights by exploring the dynamics of marketing. It has emphasized the significant influence of online platforms on consumer behavior and their decision-making. Another finding demonstrated that the personalized marketing tactics of social media act effectively in keeping the diverse consumer segments engaged. It has also been deduced that through influencer marketing practices, more consumers turn brand loyal. Additionally, by taking advantage of the data analytics metrics, companies can successfully track the success of their reach and hold a position in the virtual world. Altogether, the research infers that marketers must adapt innovative marketing strategies to stay competitive for a long time. This can change the landscape of consumer psychology in the digital era.

It can be seen that the provided conclusion is very precise with the details. It began by restating the thesis followed by briefly summing up some of the main points of the impacts of advanced marketing on consumer behavior. It has then provided a suggestion considering the findings. Lastly, the conclusion is ended with a kicker sentence.

Hopefully, by following these essential guidelines, you will be able to grasp the technique of how to write a conclusion paragraph. Remember, that a good and thought-provoking conclusion provides the readers with a solution and new details of discovery.

Looking closely at reality, writing papers is not just limited to constructive and innovative ideas, but also to appropriately organize them. This presentation is based on different referencing styles, one of which is called the APA format. Now how to write an APA essay format paper is what we are going to learn in this EduHelpHub article. We are going to follow the rules and tips provided in the 7^th edition of the APA publication manual.

What is an APA Essay Format

Whether you are pursuing a degree in Psychology, Business Studies, Education, or different parts of Social Sciences, every time you are preparing an assignment, the chances are, you have to apply the APA essay format rules. It is preferred the most in these disciplines, if and otherwise anything else is instructed by the university. The formatting rules are specified by the American Psychological Association which are all very distinct from MLA, Chicago, Harvard, Vancouver, CSE, and other writing styles in terms of clear communication, referencing sources, and formatting texts and documents.

The 7^th edition of APA allows you to list upto 20 authors and has some specific rules to use punctuation. It also specifies the order of pages distinctively, along with respective structural guidelines. It includes font styles, margins, spacing, and miscellaneous dos and don’ts.

By strictly adhering to the guidelines of APA essay format, you are demonstrating your knowledge of the citation style, as well as your discipline. This way, the readers get a direction of the paper which gives them an idea of the contents in advance.

The Basic Rules of APA Essay Format

APA style is meant for both students who are writing assignments and for scholars who want to publish their manuscripts. The general rules can be set as a default in the Word document. If you are using MS Office 2013 or any upper version, just go to the Layout tab of MS Word and click on the Page Setup icon. You will be given the option to change the page margin and layout and set them all as default according to the defined rules of APA essay format. The same can be done when using Google Docs too. You can find the Page Setup option under the File tab.

Font

You can select a font of your choice from multiple options available in the APA essay format. The font size of each is predetermined.

• Sans-Serif fonts: Calibri (11 pt.), Arial (11 pt.), or Lucida Sans Unicode (10 pt.)
• Serif fonts: Times New Roman (12 pt.), Georgia (11 pt.)

Among all, these are the only fonts that are widely available and look neat. Whichever font you decide will remain consistent throughout the main content of the paper. Whereas, the rules are slightly different for headings, headers, footers, and tables and figures. Keep reading to learn about them.

Margin

A 1-inch margin on all four sides is preferred particularly if writing a definition essay or other essays and short research papers. But when you are writing a dissertation or a long thesis, the left margin is set to 1.5 inches for binding purposes. It can perhaps vary if specified something else by the university.

Spacing

Except for the cover page, tables, figures, footnotes, and displayed equations, all other parts of the APA essay format paper will be double-spaced. However, there is no additional space required in paragraphs. So, if you are typing your assignment in the Word document, go to the Line and Paragraph Spacing icon under the Home tab, and select the Remove Space After Paragraph option.

Page Header

The page header in APA essay format is positioned within the top margin and it appears on every page. In papers written by students for curriculum purposes, the header includes only page numbers at the top right corner. If papers are written for publishing purposes, the header consists of both running head and page numbers.

Running head is the title of the paper which is left aligned and written in all block letters. The length must not exceed 50 characters including spaces and punctuation. No abbreviation is used in the running head and it appears from the very first page of the paper.

Levels of Heading

Headings are used to make a paper of complex ideas look more legible. The APA essay format typically consists of five such section headings. Level 1 has the most emphasizing point which is followed by the corresponding subheadings starting from Level 2, Level 3, Level 4, and Level 5.

There is a certain way to write each of these headings:

• The Level 1 heading is bold and center-aligned
• The Level 2 subheading is bold and left-aligned
• The Level 3 subheading is also bold and left-aligned but is also italicized
• The Level 4 subheading is bold, indented, and is ended with a period
• The Level 5 subheading is bold, indented, italicized, and also ends with a period

The text content underneath the first three headings is started as a new paragraph. Whereas, in Levels 4 and 5 the texts are continued in the same line of the heading. The common feature in all the levels of the headings is that each of them is written in the Title case.

An additional tip by APA essay format says that you must not begin your narrative essay or any other paper with “Introduction” as a heading. The first paragraph providing an introductory context is an obvious expression. Although, if you want to add a heading with the introduction section, then you can, unless it is truly necessary for your paper.

Paragraph Alignment and Indentation

Paragraphs are meant to ensure a consistent flow of ideas and enhance readability. To make them look more professional, APA essay format has fixed some writing standards.

• Each paragraph should be left-aligned with ragged right ends. No need to use the justify alignment to make it look even on both sides. If the last word of a line is a big or conjoined word which is not fitting in the space, don’t use a break or hyphen after the first part of the word at the end of the line. Instead, write the complete word in the next line and continue the sentence from there. However, the opposite can be considered, if the breakage is caused automatically due to a part of a long hyperlink or DOI.
• Press the Tab key once each time you begin a new paragraph in APA essay format. The indentation in the left margin of the first line of each paragraph is 0.5 inches more than the page margin. Since the paragraph spacing is kept inactive, the indentation explains the beginning of a new paragraph.

In-Text Citation

In academic writing, the authentication of information is determined by using the texts of existing research works of other authors. Even though each one of the sources is mentioned in the reference list, they are also supposed to be used as in-text citations.

APA 7 uses two types of in-text citation formats, namely parenthetical and narrative citations.

• Parenthetical citations are used to give credit to the parent source when you are quoting or paraphrasing any information from that source. In APA essay format it includes the name of the author and date which is separated by a comma and appears at the end of the quoted information. It is written in brackets. For example –

When citing one author: (Kotler, 2016)

When citing two authors: (Ellis & Brown, 2017)

When citing more than two authors: (Jones et al., 2018)

When citing a group author: (University of Pittsburg, 2019)

• When you are using the author’s name and the publication year in a through-text, it is called a narrative citation. For example –

According to Robbins (2012), the interpersonal skills of managers can help employees boost their productivity.

APA Essay Format Components

Apart from the above specified guidelines, APA 7 also has some definite rules to structure your paper. Students may need to use tables and other visuals in their argument other than the main text content of the paper. In that case, APA essay format instructs you to write your paper in the following order:

1. Cover page
2. Abstract
3. Main body content
4. References
5. Footnotes
6. Tables
7. Figures
8. Appendices

Cover Page

Suppose you are told to write a rhetorical analysis essay outline, how will you introduce your paper to your readers? This is what the cover page is for – the first thing readers come across. By reading this title page, the readers will know what paper they are going to uncover and who wrote it. Therefore, the details should be written with precision to make it look more professional. This is how the APA essay format arranges the cover page:

• Page header
• Title of the paper
• Author’s name
• Affiliation
• Name and code of the course
• Name of the instructor
• Submission date

All elements are center-aligned except the header. The page title is written in bold font and is placed three to four lines down the top margin. If there is a sub-title, it is written as a separate line. Entering one double-space blank the name of the author is written followed by the rest of the details with normal gaps. When writing the affiliation, begin with the name of the department and then write the name of the academic institute with a comma in the middle. The course name is written after the course code which is separated by a colon. Lastly, you can follow two formats of writing dates – Month Date, Year or Date Month Year.

Abstract

An abstract is a concise gist of the core paper which is written on a separate page. For a student, the maximum length of an abstract is 250 words which states the central idea and research problems of the paper with its objectives, methodology, and main interpretation.

According to the APA essay format, the word “Abstract” is written in the center of the line in bold style. The summary content, on the other hand, is written left-aligned in one single paragraph. No indentation is required in the first line.

References

No matter how long is an essay, if you are pursuing a higher degree, you will definitely require to use different sources to strengthen your argument. All these sources need to be cited explicitly, for which the APA essay format has made individual rules for all types of sources, be it a text, website, audio file, video guide, tables and charts, interviews, and many others. However, there are certain types of sources that are excluded from the APA 7 reference list, such as personal communications, common software, epigraphs, quotes from research participants, etc.

Although the citation pattern is more or less distinct from each source type, there are some common elements that are present in each one of them – last name of the author, publishing date, title of the work, and name of the source from when the information is retrieved. But primarily, the term “References” is written in bold at the beginning of the page which is center aligned. To learn the rest of the reference formatting details, you can surf through our blog articles or simply go to the official website of APA essay format.

Footnotes

In case you want to provide some additional information or give a copyright attribution, you can write it as footnotes. Just add a superscript number at the end of the clause and write the description either at the bottom of the respective page, or make a separate page after References. There are two options that you can choose from. Footnotes have a font size of 10 points.

APA essay format suggests that the description of the note should be written after single spacing the superscript number. Initially, all the footnotes should be single-spaced whether chosen to write at the bottom or on a different page. If you decide on the latter, write “Footnotes” at the top of the page and then write the notes in ascending order.

Tables and Figures

Tables as you know are mostly for showing calculations or classifications. Figures on the other hand, include graphical representations, charts, diagrams, maps, etc. Both tables and figures share some common APA essay format guidelines. You can embed them on the same page as the text content, either at the top or at the bottom. On a page, if there are multiple visuals then separate them by inserting blank double-spaced lines.

Another option is to embed each table followed by figures on separate pages. It will be sequenced after the reference page. In that situation, write the terms “Tables” and “Figures” at the top. While preparing the tables, make sure to not use vertical lines, but just horizontal lines to give a minimalistic look.

Final Thoughts

Formatting an essay in APA 7 style can seem like an intimidating task but it can get you good grades and give recognition to your work if followed all the instructions perfectly. Focus precisely on the font, spacing, paragraphing, headings, citations, punctuations, and all other guidelines, and compose a persuading paper. After everything, validate the APA essay format and all other content. Do not neglect any grammatical mistakes either. Otherwise, you can reach us at EduHelpHub in case you face any difficulties.

If you are a student of humanities, cultural arts, or language studies, chances are that you are asked to format your research paper in MLA format. This means you have to write an assignment that is usually based on qualitative research while following the part-and-parcel formatting rules.

Be it APA, MLA, or Chicago manual, the formatting guidelines of each differ in font style, font size, headings and titles, spacing, page numbering, bibliography, etc. These standard structures help in defining a consistent appeal throughout the paper.

This article from EduHelpHub will hereby make you accustomed to the essential elements and styles of MLA format research paper. You will find multiple helpful tips in between contexts that will help boost your writing confidence eventually.

A Brief About MLA Formatting

MLA is short for Modern Language Association of America which prepares a set of rules to cite scholarly findings and understanding of the subject by upholding coherence in a research paper. Currently, academic institutions are following the 9^th edition of the MLA Handbook which was published in the year 2021. The motive for writing an MLA format research paper is to maintain a level of accuracy and transparency.

We know that one research paper makes way for multiple other research works. This indicates that all the information provided in the text should be well-proven and supported by evidence taken from trustworthy sources. Any type of false recording can compromise the credibility of your research paper. Therefore, the cited sources when presented in MLA style make it easier for the evaluators to cross-check the references in no time.

Speaking about quicker recognition, MLA format research papers are more distinguishable than other formatting styles. On the first page itself the header, heading, titles, and sub-sections have a particular writing style. We shall discuss it more elaborately in the upcoming sections.

What is the use of MLA Format Research Paper?

Other than an orderly look, there are many other benefits of using MLA format in research papers. As mentioned earlier the MLA format is most suitable for the humanities and language disciplines, which means there are more texts and theoretical explanations. So that the evaluators don’t get jumbled up in the pool of information, writing an MLA format research paper will allow them to track the research process more promptly.

This style of formatting makes the paper look more formal while citing the quotes and other details thoroughly. This systematic recording lets you use small parts of studies of other scholarly people by preventing your content from being plagiarized. This MLA format research paper in return improves the reading experience by both quality and quantity. The writings become more expressive and standardized.

Whether you are writing a literature review, thesis, or argumentative essay, the in-depth research work reflects your knowledge of the literature that you eventually gain during the assignment process. The appropriate referencing also suggests how rational you are as a researcher.

Altogether, the use of the MLA format makes the paper and yourself easier to assess. Now usually, when you are a student of higher education, formatting first drafts is not very necessary, which leaves you with enough time to style the final draft. But it is suggested to maintain the MLA format research paper from the very beginning so that you don’t lose track when nearing the submission date. 

General Rules of 9^th Edition MLA Format Research Paper

If you already know about different styling formats, you must be aware of the different rules of structuring a paper. With every edition, the set of rules keeps on changing. More different types of online sources may get added, the citation pattern gets modified accordingly. There are more possibilities for additional features. As a researcher, you are expected to heed such minor and major detail of MLA guidelines, starting from a general layout to the appropriate use of punctuation. Read further to learn the fundamental requirements of writing an MLA format research paper:

• The assignment is written on a white sheet measuring 8.5 x 11 inches.
• Whichever writing platform you use, MS Word or Google Docs, the margin must always be set at one inch overly.
• Times New Roman font is usually preferred, followed by Arial, Georgia, Calibri, and Verdana. The only rule here is to use only one legible font type throughout the assignment maintaining a 12 pt font size.
• Every page must contain a page header that includes the last name of the writer and respective page numbers.
• The title page and paragraphs in the main body are always double-spaced.
• The title or the topic of the assignment is always center aligned.
• Page titles, along with all headings are to be written in title case.
• In an MLA format research paper, the term “Works Cited” is written at the top of the bibliography page which is center aligned as well, where all the sources are recorded in an alphabetical order.
• The beginning of each new paragraph and quotation should have a hanging intent of 0.5 inches.
• After each period and other punctuation marks, leave a space unless you are specified with further instructions by your professor.
• Titles and headers do not include any period/dot.

You must begin your MLA format essay paper keeping in mind these basic styling guidelines. There are many other rules that are to be followed in different parts of the research paper.

Essential Parts of MLA Format Research Paper

As you know, a research paper has different parts involved – the introduction with a thesis statement, body segment, research analysis, and conclusion. Apart from these, there are more detailed precepts involved, especially if you are to maintain an MLA format research paper. The title page, body texts, figures and tables, listings, and the final page differs from other formatting styles in terms of look and specification.

Title Page and Introduction

The title page, unlike it sounds does not dedicate the entire page to the title. In fact, only the first half portion of the page is consumed with the individual page number, name of the author and professor/instructor, course name and code, date of submission, and title of the paper. Have a look at the format below –

The explanation of each of the elements has been discussed in the subsequent points:

• On the top right corner is the last name of the author with the page number. It is written in the header section of the page and is also called the running head. It is placed below half inch margin on each page.
• In the next section, the main details of the project are provided maintaining the same order as presented in the example. The instructor’s name is not mentioned entirely, just the surname with academic credentials. The date format is the same every time, i.e., month, date, and year. You can see that the parts of the section are all double-spaced and left-aligned. This section aggregately is said as the MLA heading.
• Leaving a space, the next component of the MLA format research paper is the title of the paper. It is written in the title case, meaning the initial letters of each word should be capitalized. This part of the title page is center aligned and restricted from any writing effects, like bold, italic, or underlining. There is not even the application of a period here.

In the rest of the space after the page title, the introduction of the essay structure begins. This opening paragraph gives an overview of the topic, provides interesting facts and figures to attract the attention of the readers, and places the thesis statement. Altogether, this section of the MLA format research paper consumes about 10% of the entire word count.

Level Headings in Body Paragraphs

Level headings are also called section headings. If headings and subheadings are not used, the look of the paper will seem like big chunks of paragraphs which will make it difficult to comprehend the essence of each context. This is why there are different levels of subheadings that helps in simplifying the distribution of information. Although there is no compulsive rule in the handbook of MLA format research papers, there are certain general styles to present the hierarchy of ideas:

• Section headings should be written against the Arabic numerals followed by a period and space. Whereas, the level sub-headings are listed in a multilevel listing pattern.
• If you don’t want to use any numbering, there is another set of attributes to maintain a logical sequence. Bold all the level 1 headings, let the level 2 headings be in normal font style, and lastly, you can italicize the level 3 headings.

Most preferably only 3 heading levels are used by students, so, you don’t need to worry about styling subheadings further. Yet in rare possibilities, if you have to write more subheadings, then Arabic numbers are the best to opt for.

Note that texts at each level will follow the same formatting style overly in MLA format research paper. And under each heading, there should be at least two or more sub-points or subheadings. There is no need to label only one subheading at one level, instead write the intended details in a separate paragraph. And don’t forget to left align each instance all of which should be short and precise.

In-text Citations

The body paragraph of an MLA format research paper includes the main points of arguments to support your thesis, the methodology used for justification, and the research findings. Since this contains the majority of the critical information, all sorts of borrowed study details from other authors are attached here. This is done by using the parenthetical citation technique.

In short, whenever you refer to a certain text from another source, or even mention the gist by summarizing or paraphrasing it, there is a need for in-text citation. The format includes the borrowed frame of ideas, the last name of the author with the page number from where the text has been taken which are enclosed within brackets. For example –

“It has often been assumed that man has chosen for domestication animals and plants having an extraordinary inherent tendency to vary, and likewise to withstand diverse climates” (Darwin 13).

Note that if you directly quote the lines word by word in the MLA format research paper then keep them within double quotes. The same is not essential when you are paraphrasing the context.

Citing Tables and Other Visual Elements

What happens if the borrowed elements are more than just texts? If you are relating to a table, chart, or illustration, the in-text citation format will indeed be different. The credit is given immediately below the visual element. It begins with the term Table or Figure, whichever is applicable, or abbreviation Fig. It is succeeded by a table or figure number and the source of the image, title of the image, and other image description.

Endnotes and Footnotes

Both footnotes and endnotes are brief comments or notes written at the footer of the inner pages or at the ending section of the MLA format research paper, respectively. These are meant to provide small explanations of the contended information without causing any distraction from the actual paper. These can acknowledge certain quotes, statistics, or even the meanings of certain technical terms.

Endnotes typically hold a separate page that is sequenced just before the “Works Cited” page. At the end of each referred text, you have to add a superscript number. These marked texts are described later in the notes section against the same number.

Reference Page

The final part of the MLA format research paper is the “Works Cited” page which is commonly known as the reference page or bibliography. This page lists a detailed description of all the in-text citations. Following is the format of a reference if you want to cite a source from a published paper, journal, or book:

Last name, First Name. Book/Paper Title. Collection Title, if any. Publisher, Date, URL/DOI whichever is applicable.

Proofreading Before Submitting MLA Format Research Paper

You will be able to write an error-free research paper if you know the basic writing strategies beforehand. By learning how to write an essay your proofreading labor will also get minimized.

• Check whether or not you have deviated from your topic of discussion.
• Verify the sources in the reference list with in-text citations.
• Always maintain authenticity by using the database mindfully.
• You might need to reconsider your choice of citations if they have been overused in your MLA format research paper.
• Lastly, be truthful in giving credit to avoid plagiarism.

If all these vital points are checked right, your MLA format research paper will be ready for submission.

Whether it is a debate or a speech, controversial topics can always spark discussions. It is pretty evident that “Why are drag queens and kings so over the top in recent years?” is one of the keen topics in the current date. There may surely be different outlooks to support or oppose this type of concept. In short, issues like this allow the speakers or writers to talk about their perspectives on sensitive matters. If presented with a strong thesis on controversial topics, it can raise emotions, opinions, and arguments that has the potential to draw the attention of the audience much quicker as compared to other topics. Addressing such topics requires a delicate balance between initiating a discourse and stimulating an unwinnable conflict.

As simple as is the approach process, deciding on a topic can be as confusing. However, this article from EduHelpHub can walk you through the relevant details.

What is a Controversial Issue?

A topic is said to be controversial if it creates contrasting opinions. Some examples of this category are abortion, artificial intelligence, sex and sexuality, freedom of speech, politics, etc. The explanation of such a thesis may cause insecurity and discomforting responses. There may not be a definitive approach to proving points on debatable topics but finding supporting evidence for your arguments are available across the internet and other writing pieces. This shows how much people are curious to discuss and learn controversial topics.

You have to keep in mind that writing about such issues can lead to strong disagreement. Therefore, the motive is to strategize a speech topic that sells. This way, you will be able to induce the readers to stick to your explanation. It is only possible if you are comfortable with the chosen topic which will help decode your point of view in a more enthusiastic way.

What Makes a Topic Controversial?

• It can be deduced from the upper sections that controversial topics must contain an enigma. There should not be any universal viewpoint on such topics because it should hold the chance of leading to an unacceptable theory. This ambiguity triggers divergent viewpoints that enable the writers to hook the readers till the end to understand how well you can justify your point.
• Controversial topics usually have a societal impact, such as religion, gender, politics, race, or other sensitive issues. One should be confident enough to talk about exposing hidden truths that can affect the emotions and lives of people. You should keep in mind that writing on a controversial topic can have real-life consequences when discussing about the society.
• Another characteristic is that it should have moral or ethical aspects that include personal independence, social justice, human rights, etc. It may persuade in clashing beliefs leading to thought-provoking closures.

How to Choose Controversial Topics for Essay, Speech, or Debate

How to write a strong essay, speech, or debate on a controversial topic? There are multiple aspects to underpin this question and one such essential is to find a topic that is based on a recent or current cause. It will be best if that particular topic is pertinent to your course in college or industry. You have to present your thoughts without any offensive dissensions, but by maintaining an objective approach. Read on to learn some more such tips and strategies.

• Know the purpose first. Is it a written assignment? Are you about to participate in a debate competition at a college event? Are you supposed to present a speech? Or is it to encourage a group discussion? If the motive is clarified, it will be lucid on what type of concerned tactics to use, i.e., funny, thoughtful, entertaining, or some other style.
• How will it seem if you teach what is book report to healthcare students? It’s totally inappropriate, isn’t it? This is why you should be aware of your audience and depending on that you must acknowledge their field of interest as a whole.
• Select controversial topics by narrowing down an issue. Suppose, take an instance of sexuality or gender neutrality. In that context, you can cut it short to a much more specific area like discussing about cross-dressing culture or other related issues. Remember, that whatever you are writing about must have a professional approach with ample evidence. Any type of emotionally attached topic should always have an unbiased exploration.
• It becomes much easier to express when you write in something that you have good knowledge of. Not necessarily the controversial topics should have a critical side. The main thing is that as a researcher and writer, do you feel interested and comfortable talking about such an arguable topic?
• The chosen controversial topics should avail enough credible sources to clarify your thesis statement. If it is about writing an essay or scholarly journal, then take into account that it might inspire more similar studies. Therefore, you must take reference only from authentic sources which will in return demonstrate that you are fully prepared and well-knowledgeable about the research rules and the quality of the details provided.

Post these steps is the writing process. Always begin with your take on the issue followed by what like-minded people have already said on a similar matter. Write about its moral grounds or respective threats whichever backs your statement the best. Last but not least, include an overview of the issue assessing both the angles of verification and denial of the concept.

100 Argumentative Essay Topics on Controversy

Our experts have prepared a list of argumentative essay topics that can boost the engagement of the readers. The following topics are a mix of both timeless issues, as well as specific to 2023. This will ease you to choose a topic that befits your criteria.

Controversial Topics on Science and Technology

1. Why is human cloning unethical?
2. Are modern technologies disrupting the quality of education?
3. Is an animal-tested product effective on human skin?
4. The upbringing of a non-biological child can influence existing genes
5. The harmful effects of nuclear testing
6. The scientific significance of a superstition
7. Are inaccurate GPT detectors ruining the quality and efficiency of student skills?
8. Should the internet restrict its censorship more in academia?
9. Electronic news is the root of misinformation
10. Companies should hire employees only through online interviews

Controversial Topics on Healthcare

1. Is eating non-vegetarian dishes a type of animal cruelty?
2. If fasting is healthy, will it also benefit children?
3. Should minors have the right to take medical decisions in certain circumstances?
4. Which is better and more effective? Homeopathy or allopathic treatments?
5. The advertising ethics of tobacco and alcohol
6. Should magic mushrooms be legalized across the US for their medicinal properties?
7. Should the government provide free medical care to its citizens?
8. State how academic pressure leads to suicidal tendencies
9. Pros and cons of testing drugs on humans
10. Can the change in the prison environment bring positive changes in the behaviors of the prisoners?

Controversial Topics on Education

1. Should there be monetary benefits at the end of each academic year for students who show improved performance?
2. Should US schools mandate wearing uniforms daily?
3. Why is co-education preferred more than single-gendered schools?
4. Why teaching sex education ineffective without teaching self-defense in schools?
5. Should there be more armed security on college premises to protect students?
6. Vocation education is more important than academic courses in present times. Justify
7. Should surveillance be made compulsive schools and colleges for more safety?
8. Homeschooling restricts the development of social and creative skills. Justify
9. Which should be emphasized more – physical education or foreign language?
10. How are schools responsible for the poor grades of their students?

Controversial Topics on Ethics

1. Should being extremely rich be considered unethical?
2. Does education influence the ethical behavior of a person?
3. Is hunting as bad as poaching?
4. Should the concept of zoos be prohibited?
5. Can the use of VPNs be declared ethical?
6. Why sensitive movies must not be banned by the censor board?
7. Should selective artworks of artists be censored by the government?
8. Should brain-dead individuals be kept alive? How long can be considered moral?
9. Has religion anything to do with business ethics?
10. Can it be said that the ethics of each hierarchy in management differ from one another?

Controversial Topics on Religion

1. Is God’s existence a matter of faith or a matter of evidence?
2. Is there a role of religion in policymaking?
3. Should religious books be a part of the syllabus in schools and colleges?
4. Can having faith in prayers show miracles in incurable diseases?
5. Can religion be considered the leading cause of political clashes?
6. Has Christianity shown more acceptance to LGBTQ+ community than other religions?
7. Does Islam have more unity than Hinduism?
8. Can reading the Bhagavad Gita, a religious book of Hindus, help in focus quality and spiritual growth?
9. Do religions promote diversity or division?
10. Should religious symbols in public places be restricted?

Controversial Topics on Psychology

1. Should schools and colleges conduct IQ tests for their students more often?
2. How can we conclude that homosexuality is just a mere psychological condition?
3. Why are there more music and lyrics dedicated to women?
4. Can sleep less really cause body weight gain?
5. Can the choice of food influence behavior?
6. Does knowing the academic history of students help teachers in evaluating them better?
7. Does birth control affect the personality of the children?
8. Can lesser working hours lead to employees’ productivity?
9. Is there a difference in attitude between employees who wear formal attire and employees who wear casual outfits?
10. Is online shopping increasing the spending of individuals?

Controversial Topics on LGBTQ

1. Should workplaces be more welcoming to the LGBTQ community?
2. There is lesser domestic violence in the LGBTQ community – Justify
3. Should the LGBTQ community have the privilege of equal rights or more rights?
4. Should homosexual marriage be legalized across the globe?
5. Should LGBTQ minorities be added to higher education?
6. There has been progressed in accepting LGBTQ in families – Justify
7. Gay marriages tend to be happier and last longer than opposite-sex marriages – Justify
8. Should there be separate public restrooms for LGBT individuals?
9. Should there be more transgender rights for transgenders in the military?
10. What is the reason behind the popularity of drag queens over drag kings?

Entertaining Controversial Topics

1. Have movies made clowns scarier? How is the appeal affecting the circus business?
2. Are there more fans of Harry Potter than The Lord of The Rings?
3. Is the popularity of K-pop overrated?
4. Is The Voice better than American Idol?
5. Is evergreen music considered only the one that is dated to the late 90s and beyond?
6. Should prom nights be banned in college?
7. Should an introduction to commerce studies be introduced in middle schools?
8. Should there be extra credits for handwriting in college exams?
9. Can playing video games help children be more social?
10. Should children be taught about the hidden meanings of nursery rhymes?

Best Controversial Topics for 2023

1. Why is the gender pay gap still a thing?
2. Why management studies are not essential for a sales job?
3. How ethical is it to “treat” homosexuality?
4. Are explicit lyrics a matter of threat to society?
5. Why is modern art being preferred more than classical art in recent times?
6. Is there a beneficial side of immigration in the US?
7. Can water be considered a human right?
8. Should the government make education more affordable?
9. Should there be felons too in the jury?
10. Should schools add religious perspectives to their curriculum?
11. Can Buddhism be considered more enlightening than all religions?
12. Should voting rights be the same in all countries?
13. Is technology the main cause of teenage suicides?
14. Why should teens have access to contraception?
15. Should the right to die be as important as the right to live?
16. Do professional female athletes deserve more facilities than professional male athletes?
17. What can be considered a real sport more – bodybuilding or video gaming?
18. Should Spain’s bull-running be banned?
19. Can ADHD be considered a mere state of mind?
20. Is social media hooking Generation X more than Gen Z?

Academic Benefits of Writing on Controversial Topics

Choosing these types of topics holds some much-appreciated academic value. Writing on controversial topics is not much different from a critical essay. Besides similar writing formats, both require critical thinking and academic freedom. As discussed earlier, controversial topics involve more sensitive matters, hence students here have the freedom to express their thoughts without bothering about the administration. You learn to research more accurately and write maintaining unbiased sentiments. Selecting such delicate topics are also a reason for piqued curiosity among the readers. The more interesting the content, the much better will be your grades. Lastly, controversial topics help in fostering diversified points of view among students and researchers which promotes inclusion.

You can now conclude how advantageous it could be if you are given the freedom to choose a topic of your own. For any controversial debate you pick, make sure to stick to your argument. It would be better if you go through some sample works before getting started. We would be glad to help you out.